The classical complement pathway plays a major role in innate immunity against infection. This pathway is triggered by C1, a multimolecular complex composed of the recognition protein C1q and two serine proteases, C1r and C1s. Following the C1q recognition, C1r is autoactivated, and in turn activates C1s, which cleaves C4?and?C2, the C1 substrates. Both C1r and C1s activation involve cleavage of a specific Arg-Ile bond, converting single-chain proenzymes into active proteases of disulfide bond-linked?chains (A and B). The full-length (amino acid residues 1-707) of mouse C1r was expressed which activity was measured by its ability to cleaves a thioester substrate Z-Lys-SBzl?HCl. The reaction was performed in 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5 (Assay Buffer), initiated by addition 50 μL of various concentrations of C1r (diluted by Assay Buffer) to 50 μl substrate mixture of 0.2mM Z-Lys-SBzl?HCl and 0.2 mM DTNB. The final well serves as a negative control with no C1r, replaced with 50 μl assay buffer. Then read in kinetic mode for 5 minutes at an absorbance of 405 nm. The specific activity of recombinant mouse C1r is > 500 pmol/min/μg.